Here, we review the evidence regarding indoor mold exposure and mycotoxicosis, with an emphasis on S. While many authors describe a direct relationship between fungal contamination and illness, close examination of the literature reveals a confusing picture. Recently, there have been reports of severe illness as a result of indoor mold exposure, particularly due to Stachybotrys chartarum. This has caused concern regarding health effects of moldy indoor environments and has resulted in many studies of moisture- and mold-damaged buildings. Damp buildings often have a moldy smell or obvious mold growth some molds are human pathogens.